1756-RIO ABB1756-RIO ABB

PLC實(shí)質(zhì)上是一種工業(yè)控制計(jì)算機(jī)，PLC與計(jì)算機(jī)的組成十分相似。只不過(guò)它比一般的計(jì)算機(jī)具有更強(qiáng)的與工業(yè)過(guò)程相連接的接口，以及更直接的適應(yīng)控制要求的編程語(yǔ)言。從硬件結(jié)構(gòu)看，它由CPU、存儲(chǔ)器、輸入/輸出接口、電源等組成。PLC的基本組成框圖如圖1所示。下面對(duì)PLC控制系統(tǒng)的主要硬件部分進(jìn)行介紹。

手機(jī)

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 Qq:

鄭娟萍

廈門仲鑫航自動(dòng)化設(shè)備有限公司

  1）、*處理器（CPU）
    一般由控制器、運(yùn)算器和寄存器組成，這些電路都集成在一個(gè)芯片內(nèi)。CPU通過(guò)數(shù)據(jù)總線、地址總線和控制總線與存儲(chǔ)單元、輸入/輸出接口電路相連接。
    與一般的計(jì)算機(jī)一樣，CPU是整個(gè)PLC的控制中樞，它按PLC中系統(tǒng)程序賦予的功能指揮PLC有條不紊的進(jìn)行工作。CPU主要完成下述工作：
    （1）接收、存儲(chǔ)用戶通過(guò)編程器等輸入設(shè)備輸入的程序和數(shù)據(jù)。
    （2）用掃描的方式通過(guò)I/O部件接收現(xiàn)場(chǎng)信號(hào)的狀態(tài)或數(shù)據(jù)，并存入輸入映像寄存器或數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)器中。
    （3）診斷PLC內(nèi)部電路的工作故障和編程中的語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤等。
    （4） PLC進(jìn)入運(yùn)行狀態(tài)后，執(zhí)行用戶程序，完成各種數(shù)據(jù)的處理、傳輸和存儲(chǔ)相應(yīng)的內(nèi)部控制信號(hào)，以完成用戶指令規(guī)定的各種操作。
    （5）響應(yīng)各種外圍設(shè)備(如編程器、打印機(jī)等）的請(qǐng)求。
    PLC采用的CPU隨機(jī)型不同而不同， 目前，小型PLC為單CPU系統(tǒng)，中型及大型則采用雙CPU甚至多CPU系統(tǒng)。目前，PLC通常采用的微處理器有三種：通用微處理器、單片微處理器（即單片機(jī)）、位片式微處理器。
    2）、 存儲(chǔ)器
    PLC系統(tǒng)中的存儲(chǔ)器主要用于存放系統(tǒng)程序、用戶程序和工作狀態(tài)數(shù)據(jù)。PLC的存儲(chǔ)器包括系統(tǒng)存儲(chǔ)器和用戶存儲(chǔ)器。
    （1）系統(tǒng)存儲(chǔ)器
    系統(tǒng)存儲(chǔ)器用來(lái)存放由PLC生產(chǎn)廠家編寫(xiě)的系統(tǒng)程序，并固化在ROM內(nèi)，用戶不能更改。它使PLC具有基本的功能，能夠完成PLC設(shè)計(jì)者規(guī)定的各項(xiàng)工作。系統(tǒng)程序質(zhì)量的好壞很大程度上決定了PLC的性能。
    （2）用戶存儲(chǔ)器
    用戶存儲(chǔ)器包括用戶程序存儲(chǔ)器（程序區(qū)）和數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)器（數(shù)據(jù)區(qū)）兩部分。用戶程序存儲(chǔ)器用來(lái)存放用戶針對(duì)具體控制任務(wù)采用PLC編程語(yǔ)言編寫(xiě)的各種用戶程序。用戶程序存儲(chǔ)器根據(jù)所選用的存儲(chǔ)器單元類型的不同（可以是RAM、EPROM或EEPROM存儲(chǔ)器），其內(nèi)容可以由用戶修改或增刪。用戶數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)器可以用來(lái)存放（記憶）用戶程序中所使用器件的ON/OFF狀態(tài)和數(shù)據(jù)等。用戶存儲(chǔ)器的大小關(guān)系到用戶程序容量的大小，是反映PLC性能的重要指標(biāo)之一。

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