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電磁輻射暴露評估系統(tǒng)IT'IS--sXc/sXv/sXh IT'IS基金會企業(yè)介紹：IT’IS基金會是的從事信息技術(shù)研究的協(xié)會（IT'IS），是獨立的，非營利性的基礎(chǔ)研究機(jī)構(gòu)，致力于改善和促進(jìn)人們的生活質(zhì)量

詳細(xì)介紹

電磁輻射暴露評估系統(tǒng) IT'IS

--sXc/sXv/sXh

IT'IS 基金會企業(yè)介紹：
IT’IS基金會是的從事信息技術(shù)研究的協(xié)會（IT'IS），是獨立的，非營利性的基礎(chǔ)研究機(jī)構(gòu)，致力于改善和促進(jìn)人們的生活質(zhì)量。該基金會成立于1999年，由瑞士聯(lián)邦理工學(xué)院發(fā)起，并得到無線通信行業(yè)以及一些政府機(jī)構(gòu)的支持。總部設(shè)在瑞士的蘇黎世，該基金會已經(jīng)獲得了很高的世界聲譽，主要從事以下研究領(lǐng)域：

l 電磁感應(yīng)技術(shù)

l 計算電磁學(xué)在復(fù)雜的環(huán)境

l 適用于復(fù)雜的解剖結(jié)構(gòu)計算生命科學(xué)

l 新的和優(yōu)化的診斷/治療/治療規(guī)劃過程和設(shè)備

l 暴露評估/劑量/安全性/合規(guī)性評價

l 電磁暴露系統(tǒng)生物醫(yī)學(xué)研究

IT'IS 致力于為提供科研和良好教育一個獨立、積極、創(chuàng)新和連接各學(xué)科之間的研究環(huán)境。研究結(jié)果被廣泛傳播到科學(xué)界和公眾通過同行評議的期刊文章、會議論文集,電視采訪和?？偟膩碚f，我們的研究體現(xiàn)了我們要通過加強(qiáng)新型電磁技術(shù)的安全和質(zhì)量級別來實實在在地影響人們的生活的承諾，來提高生活質(zhì)量和使人延年益壽。組織研究的領(lǐng)域：

l EM研究

l IT'IS健康研究

由來自學(xué)術(shù)界和政界的人組成董事會進(jìn)行管理，Niels Kuster and Myles Capstick報道。

我們邀請你去了解更多關(guān)于基金會的使命,特別是對我們的IT'IS健康研究。

IT'IS Foundation

The Foundation for Research on Information Technologies in Society (IT'IS) is the premier, independent, nonprofit research foundation dedicated to improving and advancing the quality of people’s lives. The Foundation was established in 1999 through the initiative and support of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich (ETHZ), the global wireless communications industry, and several governmental agencies. Headquartered in Zurich, Switzerland, the Foundation already gained a world reputation in the following research fields:

? electromagnetics sensor technologies

? computational electromagnetics in complex environments

? computational life sciences applied to complex anatomies

? novel & optimized diagnostics/therapy/treatment planning processes and devices

? exposure assessments/dosimetry/safety/compliance evaluation

? electromagnetic exposure systems for biomedical research

IT’IS endeavors to provide an independent, proactive, innovative and interdisciplinary research environment for the ction of sound science and research, and good education. Results are widely disseminated to the scientific community and the public through peer-reviewed journal articles, conference proceedings, television interviews, and white papers. Collectively, our research initiatives represent our commitment to making a tangible difference in people’s lives by enhancing the safety and quality of emerging electromagnetic technologies, improving the quality of life, and adding healthy life years. The research is organized in the areas:

? EM Research

? IT'IS for Health

Governed by a diverse Board of Directors from academia and from the government, IT'IS is led by its Directors, Niels Kuster and Myles Capstick.

We invite you to learn more about the Mission of the Foundation and in particular about our new research iniative IT'IS for Health.

電磁暴露評估系統(tǒng)IT'IS 綜述：

電磁輻射暴露評估系統(tǒng)IT'IS 的配置和設(shè)計是為了評估，例如健康風(fēng)險,療法的療效或機(jī)制都與電磁場有聯(lián)系。IT'IS基金會具有代表性的電磁暴露系統(tǒng)sX系列為細(xì)胞暴露(sXc)、脊椎動物暴露(sXv)、和人體暴露(sXh)。

sXc / sXv / sXh暴露系統(tǒng)的組織設(shè)計、優(yōu)化,并構(gòu)建高效、靈活的電磁暴露系統(tǒng)的承諾都提供的同質(zhì)性、寬動態(tài)范圍控制和各種各樣的信號同時監(jiān)控所有設(shè)備條件和環(huán)境參數(shù);并提供支持協(xié)議。

所有研究中有意義的結(jié)論的匯總都是處于精確的知識和嚴(yán)格控制下的曝光環(huán)境，這稱為劑量測定法。在電磁輻射暴露評估系統(tǒng)IT'IS中，評價,優(yōu)化和安裝調(diào)配都使用仿真平臺 SEMCAD X。劑量測定的分析包括很多細(xì)節(jié)，如在培養(yǎng)皿中的精確半月板模型或者人腦中的功能區(qū)暴露模型以及復(fù)雜解剖模型。除此之外所有計量學(xué)數(shù)值中的重要參數(shù)都使用近場掃描系統(tǒng)DASY52 NEO進(jìn)行仔細(xì)驗證。

l 電磁輻射暴露評估系統(tǒng)IT'IS對健康風(fēng)險評估指導(dǎo)方針已被廣泛接受并在繼續(xù)擴(kuò)大影響。(Kuster and Sch?nborn, 2000)

l 在實踐運用中的計量評估已有成熟的指導(dǎo)指南。(Kuster et al., 2006)

l 這個大型的反射項目展示了一個細(xì)胞良好控制和EM充分曝光的新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(sXc)。之后在范圍內(nèi)數(shù)以百計的運用了這種系統(tǒng)的衍生品。

l 在執(zhí)行過程中，電磁暴露系統(tǒng)的成本效益并未影響其質(zhì)量的提升。

l Novel RF/ELF sXh電磁暴露系統(tǒng)也用到了在腦功能區(qū)ELF & RF電磁場影響的假設(shè)研究(Murbach et al., 2012)

靈活性電磁輻射暴露評估系統(tǒng)IT'IS也用到了在腦功能區(qū)ELF & RF電磁場影響的假設(shè)研究。目前有40多個來自IT’IS的電磁輻射暴露系統(tǒng)在世界范圍內(nèi)廣泛應(yīng)用。此細(xì)胞電磁暴露系統(tǒng)主要被使用在歐洲、亞洲和北美，約有30家應(yīng)用安裝。

Exposure Systems

Exposure systems are equipment or systems designed for the assessment of, for example, health risk, efficacy of therapies or mechanisms associated with exposure to electromagnetic fields. The systems designed by the IT'IS Foundation are the sX series, where sX stands for “System for eXposure" with options for cells (c), vertebrates (v), and humans (h).

The commitment of the sXc/sXv/sXh exposure system group is to design, optimize, and build efficient and flexible exposure systems, which provide maximum homogeneity and control over a wide dynamic range, and with a large variety of signals; whilst monitoring all device conditions and environmental parameters; and supporting blinded protocols.

Central to meaningful conclusions within any study is precise knowledge and control of the exposure conditions, this is termed dosimetry. At IT'IS the evaluation, optimization and fine tuning of the setups is performed using the simulation platform SEMCAD X. The dosimetric analysis includes many details such as precise meniscus models in Petri dishes or functional brain subregions in human head exposure and complex anatomical models. Furthermore all key parameters of the numerical dosimetry are carefully validated using the near-field scanning system DASY52 NEO.

Selected Past Achievements

? Development of widely accepted guidelines for the development of exposure systems for health risk assessment (Kuster and Sch?nborn, 2000)

? Developed guidelines for best practice in dosimetric assessment (Kuster et al., 2006)

? The large REFLEX Project introduced a new standard for well-controlled and blinded EM exposure of cells (sXc). Hundreds of experiments were subsequently conducted worldwide using derivatives of these systems.

? Within the PERFORM Project, cost-effective in vivo exposure systems (sXv) without compromising exposure quality were developed.

? Novel RF/ELF sXh exposure system for hypotheses-driven research on effects of ELF & RF electromagnetic fields on brain functions (Murbach et al., 2012)

? Flexible exposure system for hypotheses-driven research on effects of ELF & RF electromagnetic fields on brain functions.

Currently, there are more than 40 exposure systems from IT’IS used actively worldwide. The cell exposure systems contribute the greatest proportion with about 30 installations in Europe, Asia and Northern America.

細(xì)胞電磁輻射暴露評估系統(tǒng) sXc

sXc1950

Designed to test radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposures from third generation (3G) mobile communication devices operating according to the UMTS standard. 2G modulation schemes such as GSM are also applicable. The setup is based on two R18 rectangular wave- guide chambers that are blindly excited by a fully computer-controlled signal unit.

sXc1800

Designed to test radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposures from mobile communication devices operating in the 1800 MHz region, such as GSM DCS and EDGE. The setup is based on two R18 rectangular waveguide chambers that are blindly excited by a fully computer-controlled signal unit.

sXc900

Designed to test radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposures from mobile communication devices in the 900 MHz region, such as GSM and DAMPS. The setup is based on two R9 rectangular waveguide chambers that are blindly excited by a fully computer-controlled signal unit.

sXcTEM835

Tests radiofrequency electro- magnetic field exposures from mobile communication devices operating in the 900 MHz region (additional frequencies upon request). The setup is based on two Crawford TEM cells that are blindly excited by a fully com- puter-controlled signal unit.

sXcTEM027

Tests radiofrequency electro- magnetic field exposures from mobile communication devices operating in the 27 MHz region (additional frequencies upon request). The setup is based on two Crawford TEM cells that are blindly excited by a fully com- puter-controlled signal unit.

sXcELF

Tests extremely low frequency magnetic field exposures from power distributing systems. The setup is based on two 4-coil systems that are blindly excited by a fully computer-controlled signal unit.

sXcLive2450

A miniature RF exposure system at 2450 MHz, which is integrated with a microscope system. State-of-the-art microscopic techniques, including confocal scanning and fluorescence microscopy, allow live cell imaging during exposure. In contrast to the classic approach of post analysis of cell responses, the instrument enables direct insight into the cell’s response to EMF.

sXcLiveELF

A miniature extremely low freq- uency (ELF) exposure system which is integrated with a microscope system. State-of-the-art microscopic techniques, including confocal scanning and fluorescence microscopy, allow live cell imaging during exposure. In contrast to the classic approach of post analysis of cell responses, direct insight into the cell’s response to EMF is enabled.

細(xì)胞電磁輻射暴露評估系統(tǒng) sXc1950

sXc1950

Designed to test radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposures from third generation (3G) mobile communication devices operating according to the UMTS standard. 2G modulation schemes such as GSM are also applicable. The setup is based on two R18 rectangular waveguide chambers that are blindly excited by a fully computer-controlled signal unit.

Size	Exposure setup (placed inside incubator)	59 × 25 × 45 cm (d × w × h)
	Signal tower (beside incubator)	60 × 60 × 80 cm (d × w × h)
Cell Cultures	Cell type	cell monolayer (cell suspension and other configurations on request)
	Cell preparation	monolayer: 6 Petri dishes (NUNC, ? = 35 mm) suspension: 4 Petri dishes (NUNC, ? = 35 mm)
	Loading volume of cell medium	60 cm3, 18.5 ml
Signals	Carrier frequency	1950 MHz
	Modulation types	WCDMA according 3GPP / 2G TDMA
	Modulation schemes	UMTS TPC UMTS PCL (Power Control Level) GSM nonDTX GSM DTX GSM talk arbitrary pulse structure continuous wave any AM waveform of 64000 points on request WiFi Signal on request
	Intermittent exposure	arbitrary on/off cycles with 10 s resolution
Dosimetric Key Parameters	Peak SAR (50 W amplifier)	monolayer: 60 W/kg suspension: 25 W/kg
	Nonuniformity of the SAR distribution	monolayer: <> suspension: 40%
	Temperature rise for exposed cells	monolayer: 0.02°C/(W/kg) suspension: 0.13°C/(W/kg)
Exposure and Environmental Control	· full software control of the exposure with self-detection of malfunctions · blinded exposure protocols · incident field monitoring and feedback regulation by H-field loop sensors · air temperature monitoring by Pt100 probes · monitoring of fan driving currents · data logging every 10 s
The complete bundle includes the waveguide chambers, signal tower, PC with software, and a suitable CO2incubator. Also included is installation of the setup at the target laboratory as well as personnel training sessions.

細(xì)胞電磁輻射暴露評估系統(tǒng) sXc1800

sXc1800

Designed to test radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposures from mobile communication devices operating in the 1800 MHz region, such as GSM DCS and EDGE. The setup is based on two R18 rectangular waveguide chambers that are blindly excited by a fully computer-controlled signal unit.

Size	Exposure setup (placed inside incubator)	50 × 25 × 45 cm (d × w × h)
	Signal tower (beside incubator)	60 × 60 × 70 cm (d × w × h)
Cell Cultures	Cell type	cell monolayer (cell suspension and other configurations on request)
	Cell preparation	monolayer: 6 Petri dishes (NUNC, ? = 35 mm) suspension: 4 Petri dishes (NUNC, ? = 35 mm)
	Loading volume of cell medium	60 cm3, 18.5 ml
Signals	Carrier frequency	1800 MHz
	Modulation schemes	GSM nonDTX GSM DTX GSM talk arbitrary pulse structure continuous wave any AM waveform of 64000 points on request
	Intermittent exposure	arbitrary on/off cycles with 10 s resolution
Dosimetric Key Parameters	Peak SAR (50 W amplifier)	monolayer: 200 W/kg suspension: 40 W/kg
	Nonuniformity of the SAR distribution	monolayer: <> suspension: 40%
	Temperature rise for exposed cells	monolayer: 0.02°C/(W/kg) suspension: 0.13°C/(W/kg)
Exposure and Environmental Control	· full software control of the exposure with self-detection of malfunctions · blinded exposure protocols · incident field monitoring and feedback regulation by E-field monopole sensors · air temperature monitoring by Pt100 probes · monitoring of fan driving currents · data logging every 10 s
The complete bundle includes the waveguide chambers, signal tower, PC with software, and a suitable CO2incubator. Also included is installation of the setup at the target laboratory as well as personnel training sessions.

細(xì)胞電磁輻射暴露評估系統(tǒng) sXc900

sXc900

Designed to test radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposures from mobile communication devices in the 900 MHz region, such as GSM and DAMPS. The setup is based on two R9 rectangular waveguide chambers that are blindly excited by a fully computer-controlled signal unit.

Size	Exposure setup (placed inside incubator)	60 × 56 × 60 cm (d × w × h)
	Signal tower (beside incubator)	60 × 60 × 70 cm (d × w × h)
Cell Cultures	Cell type	cell monolayer (cell suspension and other configurations on request)
	Cell preparation	8 Petri dishes (NUNC, ? = 35 mm)
	Loading volume of cell medium	80 cm3, 25 ml
Signals	Carrier frequency	835 MHz or 935 MHz
	Modulation schemes	GSM nonDTX GSM DTX GSM talk arbitrary pulse structure continuous wave any AM waveform of 64000 points on request
	Intermittent exposure	arbitrary on/off cycles with 10 s resolution
Dosimetric Key Parameters	Peak SAR (50 W amplifier)	monolayer: 60 W/kg suspension: 25 W/kg
	Nonuniformity of the SAR distribution	monolayer: 20% suspension: 50%
	Temperature rise for exposed cells	monolayer: 0.02°C/(W/kg) suspension: 0.12°C/(W/kg)
Exposure and Environmental Control	· full software control of the exposure with self-detection of malfunctions · blinded exposure protocols · incident field monitoring and feedback regulation by H-field loop sensors · air temperature monitoring by Pt100 probes · monitoring of fan driving currents · data logging every 10 s
The complete bundle includes the waveguide chambers, signal tower, PC with software, and a suitable CO2incubator. Also included is installation of the setup at the target laboratory as well as personnel training sessions.

細(xì)胞電磁輻射暴露評估系統(tǒng)sXcLive2450

sXcLive2450

The sXcLive2450 is a miniature RF exposure system at 2450 MHz, which is integrated with a microscope system. State-of- the-art microscopic techniques, including confocal scanning and fluorescence microscopy, allow live cell imaging during expo- sure. In contrast to the classic approach of post analysis of cell responses, the instrument enables direct insight into the cell’s response to EMF.

Size	Exposure Element (placed on microscope)	10 × 10 × 3 cm (d × w × h)
	Microscope/incubator	60 × 60 × 80 cm (d × w × h)
	Control device including computer	40 × 40 × 10 cm (d × w × h)
Cell Cultures	Cell type	cell monolayer
	Cell preparation	on plate in the live imaging module
	Observation area	? = 10 mm, 3.1 cm3
Signals	Carrier frequency	2450 MHz
	Modulation schemes	WiFi modulation arbitrary pulse structure continuous wave any AM waveform of 64000 points on request
	Intermittent exposure	arbitrary on/off cycles with 10 s resolution
Dosimetric Key Parameters	Nonuniformity of the bottom layer	(3mm radius): 0.13dB
	Average SAR	>100 W/kg for 1 W input power
Exposure and Environmental Control	· full software control of the exposure with self-detection of malfunctions · sequentially blinded exposure protocols · current monitoring and feedback regulation · air temperature control and monitoring · monitoring of fan driving currents · data logging every 10 s
The complete bundle includes the exposure cavity, signal tower and PC with controlling software. Also included is installation of the setup at the target laboratory as well as personnel training sessions. The live imaging microscope/incubator is not included.